BCAAs – The Supplement for Suckers

Amino acid supplements have overwhelming evidence against their use. I dream of the day dorks across this world would stop purchasing worthless powders like BCAAs.

However, that likely won’t happen in this lifetime. BCAAs are ridiculously popular despite being marketed completely off ignorance.

Top influencers sponsored by supplement companies tell their followers to take BCAAs. The biggest meathead tells everyone at the gym to take them. Consequently, our world is filled with dummies who listen to other dummies who tell other dummies to take a garbage supplement.

Complete ignorance or as I like to describe it, suckers being suckers. Despite my audience being generally more scientifically informed, I probably still called some of you a sucker.

If that’s you, you won’t have to flush more money down the drain anymore. You’re welcome suckers.

Understanding Amino Acids

Let’s first go over amino acids to see why people think they’re benefiting from BCAAs supplements.

There are 20 amino acids that can make up protein, 9 of which your body cannot make on it’s own. These are considered essential amino acids because you have to get them through your diet.

The 9 essential amino acids are

  • Leucine
  • Isoleucine
  • Valine
  • Threonine
  • Tryptophan
  • Methionine
  • Phenylalanine
  • Histidine
  • Lysine

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are considered branched chain amino acids hence the acronym BCAAs. They’re called branched because they’re the only nonpolar amino acids with a side chain in their chemical structure.

If this sounds nerdy and irrelevant, it’s because it is. It’s relatively an arbitrary way to label them, but one branched chain amino acid, leucine does some neat stuff and deserves some further explaining.

Understanding Leucine

Leucine triggers mTOR which is an enzyme that can signal for a cascade of muscle building processes (1,2). In fact, there’s a minimum dose of leucine required to initiate significant anabolic cell signaling (4).

So supplementing with BCAAs means more leucine which means more muscle growth right?

No, not exactly.

You see, leucine can flip the muscle building signal on, but you still need all essential amino acids to power muscle growth and actually construct new muscle (3). I’ve heard it described like this. Leucine is like flipping a switch to turn on a lamp, but the other amino acids is the electricity needed to power the lamp.

Without the other amino acids, you’re flipping on a physiological switch that can’t power or construct anything hence why leucine or BCAA supplements are beyond lame.

EAA supplements are less leucine saturated, but can build muscle thanks to having all essential amino acid supplements. However, EAAs are still isolated amino acids like BCAAs as opposed to a complete in tact protein like whey. Why is this relevant?

Well, whole food or whole supplement sources like beef or whey protein contain all essential/non-essential amino acids including plenty of branched chain amino acids. Their amino acid profile is in tack.

In fact, sufficient protein intake renders any amino acid supplement pointless. Even with insufficient protein intake, whole protein always stimulate a higher net protein balance at lower price. Read on to be enlightened.

The Amino Acid Research

There’s never a time where BCAAs or any amino acid supplement would be worth taking over something like whey.

And if you still couldn’t connect the dots, all the random claims you hear about BCAAs aren’t true either. When compared to whole protein, free amino acids don’t improve soreness and extra leucine isn’t needed for the elderly. BCAAs also don’t retain more muscle during a diet and they don’t prevent muscle loss during fasted cardio.

Their only use is to make you look like a clown who likes to buy expensive lemonade. Oh man, my pettiness is through the roof today. But speaking of pettiness though, here are the last 2 decades of research that consistently shows BCCAs are either pointless or even detrimental.

  • Leucine has a low ceiling effect (5). Even adding leucine to an EAA mix that doubled the leucine content while passing this threshold to 3.5 grams didn’t have any benefit (6).
  • Long term leucine or leucine rich amino acid supplements don’t promote muscle growth or prevent muscle loss during catabolic states like dieting or fasting (7).
  • When compared to whey protein, even when matched for the same essential amino acids, EAA and BCAA supplements stimulate less muscle growth (8). This is true even in elderly populations who have more anabolic resistance (10). In fact, many bad coaches think elderly populations should take BCAAs because old geezers require more leucine for muscle growth. However, research shows BCAAs don’t help and might not even stimulate muscle growth for them, only whole protein does (3,12-15,17,18).
  • The compromised protein balance is why BCAAs don’t help you spare more muscle during a deficit (9). Even at a high dose BCAAs couldn’t help retain muscle in immobile limbs (31).
  • When paired with strength training, a high dose pre and post workout for 8 weeks straight had no effect (11). BCAAs become completely irrelevant when you’re already consuming sufficient protein (16). No markers of performance, strength, body composition, hydration or recovery improve from amino acid supplements (17-22,34,35).
  • BCAAs don’t show any effect even when compared to a placebo of cornstarch or sugar (23,24).
  • Even when you piece together all free forming amino acids together, an intact source is still better. EAAs are still inferior to whey (25). And BCAAs are definitely the worse as they can even negate certain amino acid absorption pathways (26).
  • In fact, BCAAs when taken in isolation can cause net muscle loss (27). When free leucine flips on muscle protein synthesis, if the other amino acids aren’t present, your body may breakdown other tissues to provide building blocks.
  • HMB, another popular amino acid supplement which is essentially a leucine metabolite. It sucks too (28,29,30,32,33).

It's Expensive Lemonade or Fruit Punch

So while amino acid supplements especially BCAA and leucine supplements sound trendy, you can already get all the essential amino acids including plenty of hypertrophy signaling leucine from whole protein sources.

Beef, chicken, or whey protein will always be the superior option. They also cost about 3-5x less than amino acid supplements for the same level of protein and amino acids. Not to mention, most BCAA supplements don’t even contain 2/3 of the amount of amino acids on the label (31).

So you don’t need to use roided up Rick’s affiliate code for another case of BCAAs expensive lemonade. You don’t need EAAs either. You simply need to consume sufficient protein. For supplementation, standard whey protein powder is cheaper, better, and has no potential downside.

If you’re a scientist reading this, please stop doing BCAA studies and spend your time on supplements that need more research. BCAAs are clearly garbage. We don’t need more studies to convince the suckers. At this point, let the suckers be suckers if they refuse to accept the evidence.

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Reddit
Email
    1. DK;, Norton LE;Layman. “Leucine Regulates Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle after Exercise.”The Journal of Nutrition, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16424142/.
    2. Li, Fengna. “Leucine Nutrition in Animals and Humans: MTOR Signaling and Beyond.”Research Gate
    3. Vliet, Stephan van, et al. “The Muscle Anabolic Effect of Protein Ingestion during a Hyperinsulinaemic Euglycaemic Clamp in Middle‐Aged Women Is Not Caused by Leucine Alone.”The Physiological Society, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 29 Aug. 2018, physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/JP276504.
    4. Areta JL;Hawley JA;Ye JM;Chan MH;Coffey VG; “Increasing Leucine Concentration Stimulates Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling and Cell Growth in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells.”Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.), U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25439029/.
    5. Katsanos CS;Kobayashi H;Sheffield-Moore M;Aarsland A;Wolfe RR; “A High Proportion of Leucine Is Required for Optimal Stimulation of the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis by Essential Amino Acids in the Elderly.”American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16507602/.
    6. Glynn EL;Fry CS;Drummond MJ;Timmerman KL;Dhanani S;Volpi E;Rasmussen BB; “Excess Leucine Intake Enhances Muscle Anabolic Signaling but Not Net Protein Anabolism in Young Men and Women.”The Journal of Nutrition, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20844186/.
    7. Balage, Michèle, and Dominique Dardevet. “Long-Term Effects of Leucine Supplementation on Body Composition.”Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110810.
    8. Churchward-Venne TA;Burd NA;Mitchell CJ;West DW;Philp A;Marcotte GR;Baker SK;Baar K;Phillips SM; “Supplementation of a Suboptimal Protein Dose with Leucine or Essential Amino Acids: Effects on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis at Rest and Following Resistance Exercise in Men.”The Journal of Physiology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22451437/.
    9. Dieter, Brad P, et al. “The Data Do Not Seem to Support a Benefit to BCAA Supplementation during Periods of Caloric Restriction.”Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, BioMed Central, 11 May 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4865017/.
    10. Katsanos CS;Chinkes DL;Paddon-Jones D;Zhang XJ;Aarsland A;Wolfe RR; “Whey Protein Ingestion in Elderly Persons Results in Greater Muscle Protein Accrual than Ingestion of Its Constituent Essential Amino Acid Content.”Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.), U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19083472/.
    11. DS;, Spillane M;Emerson C;Willoughby. “The Effects of 8 Weeks of Heavy Resistance Training and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Performance.”Nutrition and Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24620007/.
    12. Björkman MP;Pilvi TK;Kekkonen RA;Korpela R;Tilvis RS; “Similar Effects of Leucine Rich and Regular Dairy Products on Muscle Mass and Functions of Older Polymyalgia Rheumatica Patients: a Randomized Crossover Trial.”The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623468/.
    13. Leenders M;Verdijk LB;van der Hoeven L;van Kranenburg J;Hartgens F;Wodzig WK;Saris WH;van Loon LJ; “Prolonged Leucine Supplementation Does Not Augment Muscle Mass or Affect Glycemic Control in Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Men.”The Journal of Nutrition, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525248/.
    14. Koopman R;Verdijk LB;Beelen M;Gorselink M;Kruseman AN;Wagenmakers AJ;Kuipers H;van Loon LJ; “Co-Ingestion of Leucine with Protein Does Not Further Augment Post-Exercise Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Elderly Men.”The British Journal of Nutrition, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17697406/.
    15. DE Andrade IT;Gualano B;Hevia-LarraÍn V;Neves-Junior J;Cajueiro M;Jardim F;Gomes RL;Artioli GG;Phillips SM;Campos-Ferraz P;Roschel H; “Leucine Supplementation Has No Further Effect on Training-Induced Muscle Adaptations.”Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32079916/.
    16. Kirk, Ben, et al. “Exercise and Dietary-Protein as a Countermeasure to Skeletal Muscle Weakness: Liverpool Hope University – Sarcopenia Aging Trial (LHU-SAT).”Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media S.A., 25 Apr. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6524700/.
    17. Fuchs CJ;Hermans WJH;Holwerda AM;Smeets JSJ;Senden JM;van Kranenburg J;Gijsen AP;Wodzig WKHW;Schierbeek H;Verdijk LB;van Loon LJC; “Branched-Chain Amino Acid and Branched-Chain Ketoacid Ingestion Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Vivo in Older Adults: a Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.”The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31250889/.
    18. Aminiaghdam, K. Baturak, et al. “Branched-Chain Amino Acids Do Not Improve Muscle Recovery from Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Adults.”Amino Acids, Springer Vienna, 1 Jan. 1970, link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00726-019-02776-5.
    19. Aminiaghdam, K. Baturak, et al. “Branched-Chain Amino Acids Do Not Improve Muscle Recovery from Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Adults.”Amino Acids, Springer Vienna, 1 Jan. 1970, link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00726-019-02776-5.
    20. P;, Meeusen R;Watson. “Amino Acids and the Brain: Do They Play a Role in ‘Central Fatigue’?”International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18577773/.
    21. 1Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group. “Leucine Supplementation Has No Further Effect on… : Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.”LWW
    22. Smith, JohnEric W., et al. “Ingestion of an Amino Acid Electrolyte Beverage during Resistance Exercise Does Not Impact Fluid Shifts into Muscle or Performance.”MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 10 June 2017, www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/5/2/36.
    23. Aguiar AF;Grala AP;da Silva RA;Soares-Caldeira LF;Pacagnelli FL;Ribeiro AS;da Silva DK;de Andrade WB;Balvedi MCW; “Free Leucine Supplementation during an 8-Week Resistance Training Program Does Not Increase Muscle Mass and Strength in Untrained Young Adult Subjects.”Amino Acids, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28444456/.
    24. Kephart, Wesley C. “Post-Exercise Branched Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Does Not Affect Recovery Markers Following Three Consecutive High Intensity Resistance Training Bouts Compared to Carbohydrate Supplementation.”BMC, jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-016-0142-y?platform=hootsuite.
    25. Nakayama, Kyosuke, et al. “Effects of Whey Protein Hydrolysate Ingestion on Postprandial Aminoacidemia Compared with a Free Amino Acid Mixture in Young Men.”Nutrients, MDPI, 19 Apr. 2018, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946292/.
    26. Morton, Robert W, et al. “Nutritional Interventions to Augment Resistance Training-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy.”Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media S.A., 3 Sept. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558471/.
    27. Blomstrand, J. Eliasson, et al. “Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Muscle Protein Synthesis in Humans: Myth or Reality?”Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, BioMed Central, 1 Jan. 1970, jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-017-0184-9.
    28. Teixeira FJ;Matias CN;Monteiro CP;Valamatos MJ;Reis JF;Batista A;Oliveira AC;Alves F;Sardinha LB;Phillips SM; “No Effect of HMB or α-HICA Supplementation on Training-Induced Changes in Body Composition.”European Journal of Sport Science, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30588860/.
    29. Sanchez-Martinez, Javier, et al. “Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Strength and Body Composition in Trained and Competitive Athletes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.”Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Elsevier, 10 Nov. 2017, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1440244017317590.
    30. Teixeira FJ;Matias CN;Monteiro CP;Valamatos MJ;Reis JF;Tavares F;Batista A;Domingos C;Alves F;Sardinha LB;Phillips SM; “Leucine Metabolites Do Not Enhance Training-Induced Performance or Muscle Thickness.”Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30102677/. Eley, Brendan. “Quantitative Analysis of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Five Nutritional Supplements Using a Leucine Dehydrogenase Assay (P23-004-19).” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 13 June 2019, academic.oup.com/cdn/article/3/Supplement_1/nzz043.P23-004-19/5516613.
    31. Edwards, Sophie J, et al. “High-Dose Leucine Supplementation Does Not Prevent Muscle Atrophy or Strength Loss over 7 Days of Immobilization in Healthy Young Males.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 10 Sept. 2020, academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa229/5903731?redirectedFrom=fulltext.

    32. Jakubowski, Josephine S., et al. “Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Does Not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 23 May 2020, www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1523.

    33. Jakubowski, Josephine S, et al. “Equivalent Hypertrophy and Strength Gains in β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate- or Leucine-Supplemented Men.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Jan. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303132/.

    34. Bagheri, Reza, et al. “Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation and Resistance Training in Postmenopausal Women.” Experimental Gerontology, Pergamon, 3 Dec. 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556520305337.
    35. Plotkin. “Isolated Leucine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Enhancing Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review.” International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33741748/.

Want to Learn More About Getting Your Dream Body?

Sign up for AwesomeFitnessScience Weekly. You’ll get juicy insider secrets, updates, and stories.